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  • Act 2

    Act 2

    Scene 22

    “Now he’s gone off to rest, leaving me along with Equus.”

    Long soliloquy by Dysart, which is interrupted by the nurse informing him of a clash between Alan and his mother. We see Dora in rage – quite different from the gentle, calm woman we have been presented so far. This is clearly another side of the character that Shaffer reveals here.

    Scene 23

    Dysart and Dora Strang have a conversation following her confrontation with her son. She speaks “savagely”, exploding into a long soliloquy, revealing her true feelings about her son and the crime he has committed.

    Scene 24

    A conversation between Dysart and Alan, each which he denies having told any truth when under hypnosis and attacks Dysart for playing “bloody tricks” (p. 79) on him.
    “It’ll be the drug next.”, “So you can give me truth drugs.” → he is defiant, but essentially asking for help with the last statement.

    Scene 25

    “He wants a way to speak. To finally tell me what happened in the stable. Tape’s too isolated, and hypnosis is a trick.”

    Dysart considers giving Alan “The old placebo”, “Full of alleged Truth Drug”.

    “Can you think of anything worse one can do to anybody than take away their worship.” → on his own he ponders if what he does is right, revealing that he himself admires Alan for having something to worship – unlike Dysart himself.

    “Many men have less vital with their wives.” → self-reference, sexual.
    “...that boy has known a passion more ferocious than I have felt in any second of my life. And let me tell you something: I envy it.” (82)

    “That’s what his stare has been saying to me all this time. ‘At least I galloped! When did you?’ ”

    Scene 26

    Dysart decides to give the “truth pill” to Alan in the middle of the night.

    Scene 27

    Dysart: Because you’re unhappy.
    Alan: So are you.

    Scenes 27-29: Alan “confesses” under the truth pill. Cinema episode – Alan goes with Jill, and is seen by his father, who is also there.

    Scene 30

    Frank is defiant about having gone to the cinema to the “skinflick” and makes up an excuse.

    Scene 31

    Jill takes Alan to the stables, Alan is incredulous.

    Scene 32

    “Chorus makes a warning hum.” Alan is reluctant to go in, but does eventually.

    Scene 33

    Jill wants to make love, but Alan can’t (but initially lies about it to Dysart). Alan is tense, Jill leaves.

    Scene 34

    Alan blinds the horses.

    Scene 35

    Closing soliloquy of Dysart, promising to heal Alan, to make him “Normal”... but “And now for me it never stops: that voice of Equus of the cave”

  • Act I

    Act I, Scene 1.

    The opening scene. The question that needs to be asked, of course, is what is it that Shaffer chooses for the opening scene of the play? Again, we may note the detailed stage instructions, which are often quite visual and clearly intend to create some sort of dramatic effect. Also, we may note the overall play structure: two acts, each divided into many scenes, which are (relatively) short – 21 scenes for act 1 and 14 for act 2. The purpose and effect of this particular structure should be considered once we’ve read the entire play, but already now it is clear that Shaffer uses a quite distinct structure, different from, say, Shakespeare’s Macbeth.

    Now to the important point: content of the Scene 1: The focus of the scene is on Dysart, who is the only active participant in this scene and who addresses the audience directly. Alan appears, but he is an “image”, he does not speak. Several key characters are mentioned: Nugget, the horse, and also Hesther Salomon, the magistrate. Finally, the first scene is not so much on Alan’s crime but Dysart’s mental and emotional state – and this is quite crucial as it foreshadows later events of the play. We might expect this play to be about a skilled psychiatrist trying to heal a mentally deranged young man - but the story is not as simple as that.

    Act 1, Scene 2:

    Key lines: “What is he but a last straw? a last symbol? If it hadn’t been him, it would have been the next patient, or the next. At least, I suppose.” Again, the focus on Dysart’s demise. The doubt expressed in the quote is important too.
    Dysart shows some sense of humour in this scene.
    Questions: What do others think of Dysart? Why does Hesther think Dysart is capable of treating Alan, but the “highly competent psychiatrists” that Dysart shares a room with are not?
    Note: The “long pause” after Hesther reveals what crime Alan Strang has committed. How does Dysart respond after this pause?
    What first impression do we get of Alan in this scene? How is he described? (Or is this our second impression, since he appeared in scene 1?)

    What is the purpose of turning to the audience? How is this play written (in terms of structural chronology?)?

    Act 1, Scene 3

    This is the first interaction between Dysart and Alan. What can we note? (Silence, not sitting down when being invited to do so, singing rather than speaking).
    What is the effect achieved with Alan’s singing? How?
    How does Dysart react?

    Act 1, Scene 4

    Alan speaks (rather than sings) for the first time.

    Act 1, Scene 5

    An important scene. Dysart addresses the audience, relates a dream he has had – a dream that reveals quite a lot about him. Surely Freud would have great fun analysing this dream!

    Act 1, Scene 6

    Key quotes: “He has the strangest stare I ever met” (26), “It’s exactly like being accused. Violently accused. But what of?... Treating him is going to be unsettling. Especially in my present state. His singing is direct enough. His speech is more so.” (ibid)

    Alan, it is revealed, has nightmares, and screams one word again and again in them: “Ek”. Here we get a first mentioning (albeit veiled) of the God Equus.

    How does the stage set-up work in this scene? How is everyone always being present on the stage (in different parts of it) used in the scene and with what kind of effect?
    Different lines of characters match up here – despite the fact that they are not chronological conversations – e.g. Alan’s “Dad!” (p. 27), Hesther’s “Dad what?” (ibid, but directed at Dysart) and Alan’s response (to Dysart but here seemingly to Hesther) “Who hates telly.” (ibid).

    Also notably: a lot of characters (and time lines) are present in this scene. How does Shaffer “keep order”?

    Alan’s parents appear for the first time. How do they interact with their son and how are they presented in rather different ways?
    Interestingly, because of the way Shaffer sets up the entire scene, we actually get a commentary on the parents (by Hesther and Dysart).

    Who is Alan’s favourite king? Why is this noteworthy?

    This scene starts giving us some insight into Alan’s life and what, perhaps, led him to commit such an awful crime. We meet his parents and get a first idea about their personalities, and we also learn that that is some “tension over religion” in the Strang household.

    Overall, this is a very dense and complex scene, that provides many starting points for different aspects of the story.

    Act 1, Scene 7

    Dysart visits the Strang family at home, speaking at first only to Alan’s mother Dora, as Mr. Strang is at the store – despite the fact that it is Sunday. We learn that Alan has always loved animals, “especially horses” (30). Again, we are given a glimpse into the past.

    p. 31: “Ha ha”.

    Frank Strang appears later in the scene. At this point we clearly see how he reacts quite differently to Dysart’s presence than Dora does. The scene gives us clear insight into their different personalities and also how they relate to their scene and conceive his crime.
    Frank’s comments on his wife being “excessively” religious: pp. 33-34. We learn that he himself is an atheist – two extremes juxtaposed.
    Another important (and unexpected, at that point) quote: “All that stuff to me is just bad sex.” (34)

    We realise that Frank does not talk to his son about sex, whereas Dora told him “the biological facts” but also “[t]hat sex is not just a biological matter, but spiritual as well.” (35). We don’t yet get a real idea of a what these quotes mean, but they provide a clue that Alan’s home situation is not quite normal.

    How does the scene finish? How is that somewhat unexpected, considering the clashing personalities of Alan’s parents?

    Act 1, Scene 8

    A very brief scene, but with a specific purpose and effect in mind.

    Act 1, Scene 9

    Alan and Dysart play a question game, Dysart pretending to be in control. Alan reveals little in his answer, Dysart however much more so.

    Dreams are quite significant in this play.

    Note how Alan reacts when Dysart asks him what “Ek” means (p. 37). The scene also has a quite interesting ending to it.

    Act 1, Scene 10

    This scene takes us into the past; it answers a question that Dysart posed in the previous scene.
    We get the Chorus sound for the first time. How is the Equus noise used to create tension in the scene?
    Alan is given a tape recorder, for things to tell Dysart that he might be ashamed to tell to his face.

    Act 1, Scene 11

    Alan’s mother comes to see Dysart and tells him that Alan’s favourite horse picture replaced a religious one. She also reveals that the horse picture “comes out all eyes” (45).

    Act 1, Scene 12

    The stable owner, Dalton, comes to see Dysart and Jill, a stable girl, is mentioned.

    Act 1, Scene 13

    Dysart receives a tape from Alan, which explains his fascination with horses. He gets angry towards the end of the tape – what has happened to him?

    Act 1, Scene 14

    Frank has a private meeting with Dysart and tells the doctor that he would be grateful if he didn’t “enlighten her” (49). He shares a scene he worshipped one night eighteen months ago, with Alan chanting “begats”. The chants that are recited are quite interesting – particularly the names of the horses. Also note the word “chinklechankle”. Dysart finally understands the meaning of “Ek” at this point (p. 51). The second important revelation of the scene is Frank stating that Alan “was out with a girl”. This revelation is preceded by a euphemistic and therefore rather ambiguous “On the night that he did it – that awful thing in the stable - ” (What is Frank referring to? The crime? Or something else?).

    Act 1, Scene 15

    Alan says “If you receive my meaning” to Dysart in this scene, echoing his father in the previous scene. The shop scene is interesting, in the sense that we can see what Alan’s songs might be inspired by.
    Jill appears for the first time and asks Alan if he wants a job at the stable.

    Act 1, Scene 16

    The scene starts without words, yet dramatically. It describes Alan’s first experience at the stable – and we realise that Nugget is the first horse he works with. He is also Jill’s favourite. Also noteworthy is the fact that Alan says very little, (“Yes, Sir” is the only phrase he utters) and that he “sits and watches”, “nods, fascinated”, “watches with fascination”, “embarrassed and excited, ... copies her movements”, “nods” and so forth.

    The last lines of p. 57 describe an important – intimate – moment for Alan with the horses.
    The scene ends with Alan in a rage – his silence suddenly converted into a negative outburst of anger, as if disturbed...

    Act 1, Scene 17

    In scene 17, Dysart apologises and Alan clearly takes a dominant position by controlling the conversation (“We’re playing what I say.”). He asks Dysart personal questions of a sexual nature – quickly uncovering a vulnerable side of Dysart (the relationship with his wife). Dysart himself notes “Wicked and – of course, perceptive” and “Advanced neurotics can be dazzling at that game. They aim unswervingly at your area of maximum vulnerability... Which I suppose is as good a way as of any of describing Margaret. ” [my emphasis].

    Act 1, Scene 18

    The conversation that ensues with Hesther is about Dysart’s relationship, but later turns to Alan. Dysart comments on Alan’s stare again and then, significantly, questions himself, stating “What am I trying to do to him?”. He is clearly an insecure psychiatrist, not as would quite be expected. He plays cool in front of Hesther (who too expresses no doubts and states that he is simply “going through a rough patch at the moment”), but once she leaves questions himself again: “Normal!...Normal!”

    Act 1, Scene 19

    Dysart hypnotises Alan. Dysart’s soliloquy is significant – both in terms of content as well as a literary device (note changes induced by it).

    Plenty is revealed in the “hypnotic conversation”.

    Why is it that Shaffer uses hypnosis in this play?

    Act 1, Scene 20

    The hypnosis continues, and Alan goes out to ride horses.

    Act 1, Scene 21

    The hypnosis continues. Why does Shaffer separate it into three scenes? How do these scenes work as an ending to the first act? Why and how is the play split into Act 1 and Act 2 in this way?

    The ending of the scene features an intense monologue by Alan.

  • Before the play starts

    Reading Blog

    Equus (by Peter Shaffer)

    Pre-reading

    I first read Equus as an IB student, when it was one of the plays we studied for Part 3 – the works for Paper 2. It is a strange play – “bizarre” would be an adequate word to describe it, gripping through the strange tale that it represents, and, even more so, because it is based on a real event. As “A Note on the Play” explains, the play itself is not transcription of all that leads up to and follows this event, but rather an “entirely personal” interpretation that creates “a mental world in which the deed could be made comprehensible”. Interestingly, this “Note on the Play” never explicitly specifies what the truthful core to Equus is – Shaffer writes of “an alarming crime”, “one horrible detail”, “[t]he act”, “a dreadful event”, “the deed” and “the crime”, but never states what constituted this crime. We might readily assume that the deed is the act of a youth blinding several horses with a spike, but we cannot actually be sure about this assumption. Shaffer’s comment that the friend who told him of the crime died a few months after their conversation is slightly suspicious also. Can we really be sure at all that this play is based on a real fact or is it all invention? If being such a heinous crime, should it not be possible (even now, more than thirty years after the script’s first publication) to find an article on the story in some newspaper archives? “[N]o name, no place, and no time” are available, but should that make this task impossible? And, in fact, does this statement that his friend revealed no such details of the deed, not make Shaffer even more suspicious, given the fact that the one minute account of his friend aroused in him “an intense fascination”? (Why then did he not immediately inquire about these details?)
    There are no definite answers to all this questions, and I do not want to imply that there is no truth in Shaffer’s play. Rather, I want to point to the fact that we must pay attention to an author’s notes and read them with care, particularly in the case of Shaffer, who provides a lot of pre-text commentary. Not every playwright does so. Some include no more than a list of characters, some a brief description of the stage. Shaffer, however, provides “A Note on the Text” (which, interestingly, was put into writing after the first performance, being thus not a traditional dramatic script, but a reflection of the performance itself – even if only the first few pages reveal this), “A Note on the Play” (already commented on), a list of characters as well as the cast that was involved in the play’s first presentation on July 26 1973 (p. 11-12), a description of the setting (p. 13-14) and the horses (p. 15), as well as some indications about the chorus (p. 16). The author’s commentary is unusually detailed, demonstrating that he has a particular vision of his play that he wants to transmit to readers as well as the theatre audience. As we read the play, this should clearly be something we should pay attention to.

    The Setting:

    -Described in detail; drawing a sketch according to these details would allow readers (not the audience!) to better imagine the stage and place everything where it belongs.

    Noteworthy:
    1) all the cast of Equus is on the stage during the entire performance.
    2) Dysart’s position and the fact that he directly addresses the audience from time to time (What is the purpose of this? What kind of effect is achieved?)

    The Horses

    Shaffer writes: “Any literalism which could suggest the cosy familiarity of a domestic animal – or worse, a pantomime horse – should be avoided.” Why is this? What is it that Shaffer is trying to avoid?

    The Chorus

    Shaffer indicates that the Equus Noise is “composed of humming, thumping, and stamping – though never of neighing or whinnying”. Why are the typical horse noises to be avoided? Why “humming, thumping, and stamping”? What effect does Shaffer intend to create with these?
    Here we should also make a connection to the Chorus (choros) as used in ancient Greek theatre.

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